Mud Valley Reflections 2

Artist's Gallery

Second Layer

After the first wash of oils had dried, I was ready to continue. I mixed full-strength oils in bolder colors to apply over the corresponding areas of the wash. The grass came out in smooth, brilliant shades of green, and the sky was a mixture of white and light blue. The trees, on the other hand, needed more texture. I loaded a scruffy-type brush with several shades of paint and dabbed it on, blending the leaves into the sky at the top. This is the beauty of oils: because they dry very slowly, you can accomplish a lot more blending. I could paint the sky and half an hour later still blend the tree leaves into it. You can especially see this effect in the grass. I think this blending ability produces a more professional, uniform painting in the end. Another benefit of oils is the brilliant, lasting colors that can be achieved. Acrylics just aren't as glossy, pigmented, or rich.

Mud Valley Reflections 1

Artist's Gallery

Beginning in Oils

Here is the beginning of another painting. Only this time, it's not the same old acrylic paint to which I am so loyal. After much persuasive talk from various artist acquaintances, I finally gave in and decided to try painting in oils. It's much more complicated than it sounds. I pretty much had to buy a whole new set of art supplies: oil paints (of course), paint brushes with oil-resistant glue holding the bristles in, and oil-quality canvas that wouldn't dissolve or become brittle under the oil chemicals. And instead of rinsing my brushes with water, I needed a special turpentine solution that would remove the oily paints. After cleaning my brushes, all the dirty paper towels had to be burned to prevent spontaneous combustion, and wet painting carefully transported home. I soon concluded that oils were, in a word, very messy. But still worth a try.

 

So here we go. To begin, I "watered" the paint down using a special thinner for oils, and applied a wash to cover the entire canvas. I tried to get the light and dark tones placed correctly, even if the colors were a bit off. This is based off a photograph, which I actually used for a watercolor a while back. You can check it out right here, and compare as the painting progresses.

Apollo 15

Ohio History

Command Module

Satellites were not the only vehicles to enter space. Exploration of the moon set a new goal for the world powers. And it did not end with putting a man on the moon. Tests and observations of the moon continued. This Apollo 15 Command Module, Endeavor, was the fourth of the Apollo missions to land astronauts on the moon. It made its flight in 1971, taking four days to get to the moon and spending almost three days there. The crew conducted experiments and took photographs. The Apollo spacecraft had three major components: the command module, the service module and the lunar module. The service module carried equipment, as well as containing support and propulsion systems; the two crewmen traveled to the moon's surface in the lunar module. They returned to earth in the command module. It measures about 10 1/2 feet high and less than 13 feet in diameter. We read that the size inside is about the same as a minivan - it's hard to imagine traveling through outer space in that!

Satellite

Ohio History

DSP Test Satellite

Finally, we reached the last section of the museum: space. Space innovation really advanced during the Cold War "space race" of the '60s. Satellites were the first goal, both for spying and for information transmission. The 35-foot-high spacecraft above was a test vehicle for the Defensive Support Program begun in 1970. It was an alert system that could sense thermal radiation from rocket launchers using infrared detectors. This allowed an earlier warning system for imminent missile threats. It was amazing how big it looked in the museum, compared to the pictures we see of satellites in orbit in space. These DSP satellites, as they are called, are still in use today.

Inside Air Force One

Ohio History

Cockpit

We got to walk through the Air Force One jet. It was amazing to see how the control panels and cockpit had changed from Roosevelt's plane. It took a crew of 7 or 8 to fly the aircraft. The jet could travel up to 604 mph with an altitude over 43,000 feet. Up to 40 passengers or more than 10 tons of cargo could be carried at a time. Compare this to spending days riding in a horse and carriage to even get across the country. Now the President could travel halfway across the world in a matter of hours!

Air Force One Accommodations

This plane saw a number of historical moments take place. It carried President Kennedy to Berlin to make his famous speech in 1963. Following President Kennedy's assassination in Dallas, Texas, Lyndon B. Johnson took the Oath of Office in the plane. There was not time for him to return to the White House, for America was without a President. Air Force One also carried President Nixon to China on his historic 1972 diplomatic visit. And in 1983, British Queen Elizabeth II flew on the plane during her visit to the United States.

Air Force One

Ohio History

SAM 26000

Now we'll jump back to the Presidential Gallery, and the first jet built specifically for Presidential use in 1962. It carried eight US Presidents over three decades, from President Kennedy to President Clinton. The jet's official name was SAM 26000, which stood for "Special Air Mission," number 26000. The call sign "Air Force One" was also used when the President was on board to make sure everyone knew where the President's aircraft was. Because President Kennedy did not give the plane a nickname like previous Presidential aircraft, the media also began to call it Air Force One. The name stuck. Check out my Roosevelt's Plane post right here to see a side view of SAM 26000 as well - it wasn't easy to photograph these big planes!

Berlin Air Lift

Ohio History



Candy Drop

After "entering" Berlin through the checkpoint in my last post (here), we walked through a hallway lined with life-size scenes from the city and era. This was my favorite scene - German children climbing up to get a parachute from an airlift drop snagged in a tree. More likely than not, it contained candy! The Berlin Airlift dropped lots of candy for the city's children, as well as daily groceries, medical supplies, and even newspapers. But more than half of the total tonnage brought in was coal. Supplies were shipped to the European coast on freighters, then carried by train and truck to the airports to be loaded on planes. I read that they even brought a baby camel named Clarence to Berlin on one of the flights!

Cold War Conflict

Ohio History

Berlin Checkpoint

The Cold War conflict was expressed in a number of ways around the world. One of the first major face-offs was in Berlin, Germany soon after the post-World War II partitioning. As Britain, France, and the US prepared their sections of Berlin for a democratic self-government, the Soviet Union resisted. It cut off all ground travel to and from the city in June 1948. Unwilling to risk starting another war, the western powers began a 464-day airlift to supply West Berlin with fuel, food, and supplies. The Soviets finally lifted the blockade in May 1949, although the Berlin Airlift did continue until September. More about that in my next post.

Satellites & Missiles

The arms race was another facet of the Cold War conflict. The Air Force Museum displayed a number of satellites and missiles from the Cold War era. Fear and suspicion played just as big a part in the arms race as actual threats. Satellites for space reconnaissance were developed to scope out the armaments of the other side, especially missile development. They could not be shot down over enemy territory like planes, although much more powerful cameras were required.

Cold War Planes

Ohio History

Post-WWII Planes

Moving on in history, we saw a number of planes on display from the Cold War era. Many were reconnaissance planes used to gather information about Soviet air defense radar systems. Pilots would fly along (and sometimes over) the border of the Soviet Union and other communist nations behind the iron curtain to spy on their technological capabilities. They traveled at night, maintaining radio silence and taking pictures with powerful cameras. The world's largest aerial camera ever built was on display in the Cold War gallery. It produced an 18"x36" negative and could detect a golf ball from an altitude of 45,000 feet.

Roosevelt's Chair

Ohio History

The Lift

President Franklin D. Roosevelt's plane also had the distinction of being the first airplane specifically built for Presidential use. I was still in the aircraft when I took this picture, looking down into a hatch opening in the floor of the plane. Since he was a victim of polio and unable to walk, President Roosevelt could not board the plane easily. This elevator allowed him to remain in his wheelchair and be lifted comfortably into the plane, rather than being carried up the stairs. You can see the chair ready and loaded into the lift. Roosevelt traveled to the Soviet Union in this airplane to meet with Allied leaders in 1945. It must have made headlines all across the country!

Roosevelt Plane

Ohio History

Presidential Gallery

Of course there were a number of planes used during World War II on display at the museum. This new form of high speed travel allowed this war to affect more civilians than perhaps any war in history through bombing. But the plane from the WWII era that interested me most was one used by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. It was located in the Presidential Gallery, which we accessed by riding the shuttle bus across the base. This gallery boasted the world's largest collection of planes used by U.S. Presidents, including four that we could actually get inside. President Roosevelt was the first President to fly while in office in 1943 (imagine that - it took forty years after the first flight to get a President in the air!). His plane is the silver one in the background of this picture; it was nicknamed The Sacred Cow.

Cockpit

We got to walk all the way up and down through the narrow passages of the plane. Here is a view of the instrument control panels surrounding the pilot's and copilot's seats.